Biometric and Keypad Door Lock Benefits

Biometric and Keypad Door Lock Benefits

Biometric Door Locks are fingerprint or keypad door lock access systems, eliminating the necessity to carry or issue keys. In any small, medium or large business, access control can be an important issue. Biometric locks are safe and secure, available with coded key pads and fingerprint identification. No more keys issued to multiple employees, and access can be set up or restricted simply and rapidly. Additionally, biometric locks can make it easy for business owners to limit when an employee can access a location. Our biometric door lock systems come in a large selection of styles and prices to suit every business

*	The status of being among the first to incorporate Biometrics in your home.
*	Never lock yourself or the kids out again.
*	No fumbling for keys in the dark.
*	Add authorized individuals to take care of mail, plants etc. when you are away.
*	Each unit can hold between 30 to 99 registered users.
*	Traditional or contemporary designs.
*	Keyless access, eliminating the concerns that come with issuing multiple keys.
*	Set up or eliminate employee access in minutes remotely or on site!
*	Limit days and times when employees can access the property.
*	Keep an exact record of when employees access the business.
*	Allow as little as 10 users to as many as 10,000 depending on your needs.
*	No more fumbling for keys day or night.

Biometric door locks are the perfect solution, providing security, convenience and peace of mind.

Why Biometrics ?

Physical uniqueness as well. Once identified, these physical characteristics can be exactly measured, numbered, counted ?the statistical use of variations in these elements of living organisms is known collectively as biometrics. A person's biometric data can be collected and analyzed in a number of ways. This type of information is especially useful for personal identification, in which people are recognized by biometric-based security systems according to their own unique corporal or behavioral characteristics. Human traits and mannerisms that can be used in biometrics include fingerprints, voice, face, retina, iris, handwriting, and hand geometry.

Biometric methods of identification are currently being used to replace the less secure ID/Password method of user authentication, that is, verifying that people are who they say they are. Using biometric identifiers for personal authentication reduces or eliminates reliance on tokens we must carry with us, or the arcane strings of letters and numbers we are forced to memorize. Tokens, such as smart cards, magnetic stripe cards, and physical keys can be lost, stolen, or duplicated. Human memory is notoriously unreliable; according to recent estimates, at least 40% of all help desk calls are password or PIN-related. Losses attributed to fraud, identity theft, and cyber vandalism due to password reliance run well into the billions. Although passwords have traditionally been used for personal authentication, they have nothing to do with a person? actual identity!

Biometrics can be integrated into any application that requires security, access control, and identification or verification of people. With biometric security, we can dispense with the key, the password, the PIN code; the access-enabler is you ?not something you know, or something you have in your possession. Remember, biometrically secured resources are based on who a person is, effectively eliminating risks associated with less advanced technologies, while at the same time offering a higher level of security and convenience.

Biometrics security technology basically acts as a front end to a system that requires precise identification before it can be accessed or used. That system could be a sliding door with electronic locking mechanisms, an operating system, or an application where individual users have their own rights and permissions. In computer security, the term biometrics refers to authentication techniques that automatically check measurable biological characteristics of end users. Examples include computer analysis of fingerprint minutiae data or speech patterns. Of course, this is partly what passwords have done all along. Again, the problem is that a password has nothing to do with your actual identity. There is simply no foolproof way to make password-protected systems completely safe from unauthorized intrusion. Nor is there any way for password-based systems to determine user identity beyond doubt.

Fingerprint Recognition
Face Recognition
Iris Recognition
Retina Recognition
Hand Recognition
Finger Geometry
Palm Geometry
Voice Recognition
Signature Recognition

Popular biometric systems in use today include iris recognition, voice recognition, and fingerprint recognition systems. Iris recognition is extremely accurate but expensive to implement, and scanning the human eye is a sensitive issue that many find alarming. A typical voice recognition system is much less expensive but often exhibits unacceptably high FAR stemming from illness, hoarseness, or other throat problems. Fingerprint recognition is generally considered the most practical choice for its reliability, non-intrusive interfaces, and cost-effectiveness.

There are two primary functions offered by any biometric system. One is identification, a one-to-multiple (1:M) matching process wherein a biometric sample is compared to a set of stored samples in a database. The other is verification, a one-to-one (1:1) matching process in which the biometric system compares an individual?biometric sample to previously enrolled data for that user ?the process of verification narrows the biometric database search by including other identifiers such as names or IDs. The terms "verification" and "authentication" are sometimes used interchangeably because both terms are used primarily to establish a specific user's validity rather than to identify users by querying an entire database of biometric samples.

Most modern biometric security systems can be fine-tuned to fit the needs of either high security or low security environments. Increasing security in biometric systems sometimes makes them more finicky, resulting in an increased False Rejection Rate (FRR) - this is manifested when a registered user's biometric data (e.g. fingerprint minutiae data) is rejected by the system. In these cases, emphasis on ambient lighting, climate, or user training may be needed. The net effect of FRR is usually nothing more than inconvenience to users. However, if security is set too low, the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) may increase. This is potentially far more serious, since it involves an unauthorized person gaining access to protected resources. The FAR and FRR varies widely between biometric systems.

Any systematic method of confirming the identity of an individual. Some methods are more secure than others. Simple authentication methods include user name and password, while more secure methods include token-based one-time passwords. The most secure authentication methods include layered 뱈ultimodal?biometric procedures. This is independent of authorization.

The Internet has become a permanent fixture in the lives of millions worldwide. The range of transactions now performed online runs the gamut of our daily living, and the stores never close. From routine banking to booking hotel reservations, from Wall Street to your retirement fund, the modern business offers online services to stay competitive. The ballooning growth in electronic transactions has resulted in greater demands for fast and accurate user identification and authentication methods. Biometric technology is now being deployed as a means of tightening security and simplifying user access in a landscape once guarded only by expensive firewalls and easily cracked passwords, subject to configuration issues, human error, and malice. Fingerprints are among the least intrusive and most reliable biometrics in use, generally considered the best choice for speed, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Advances in technology occur at a lightning pace, changing the way we do things at home and at work. Increasingly we find ourselves struggling to retain mastery of a host of constantly evolving technologies and services. After years of research and development, biometric security systems are now in the forefront of modern security. Although public acceptance has lagged behind expectations for certain biometric applications, many of the "big brother" fears that once prevailed have been dispelled by persistent engagement and education, particularly in the area of fingerprint recognition.

1) Why Fingerprints ?

Biometric systems in use today include iris recognition, voice recognition, and fingerprint recognition systems among others. Iris recognition is extremely accurate but expensive to implement, and scanning the human eye is a sensitive issue that many find alarming. A typical voice recognition system is affordable but not always reliable since the human voice is subject to change during bouts of illness, hoarseness, or other common throat problems. Fingerprint recognition is considered the best choice for most applications because of its accuracy, speed, reliability, non-intrusive interfaces, and cost-effectiveness.

2) Advantage Of Secugen's Optical Sensor

Surface Enhanced Irregular Reflection (SEIR) Optic Sensor Our Optic Sensor gives the high contrast and fine image of fingerprint through SEIR Technology. SEIR Technology is come from the simple and golden angle of the Prism and Lenses. SEIR Sensor does not accept the reflected lights from right out of the Prism Surface. It means that the reflected lights from the valley of the fingerprint cannot come through the Prism.

Field Proved Minutiae Based Recognition Algorithm Our Algorithm uses Minutiae Extraction Technology. Normally, the criminal decision is performed under 10 feature points (Minutiae) matches between the fingerprints. But SIW Algorithm extracts up to 90 minutiae points. Also matching score is calculated from the minutiae position and angle comparison. SIW Matching Algorithm support 1 to 1 verification and 1 to Many identification.Supporting All Possible Application SIW's more than 3 year-experience in fingerprint field offers many types of possible application to the developers. Also SIW has many world-wide developer group and they announced versatile applications.

Sensor Technology

Recently, as the rapid growth of electronic commerce, electronic transactions (on-line banking), IT security and physical assess has created, the interest on security has been increased for user identification and authentication. Biometrics is the automated personal identification system using unique human characteristics such as fingerprint, voice, face, hand, retina or iris has emerged as the reliable security equipment. And the demand for biometrics will be driven by the growth of electronic commerce and intranets, and sales will be boosted by shrinking product size and greater awareness. From the cost, ease of use, and accuracy point of view, the fingerprint recognition security has been developed to verify identity as a leading alternative to conventional passwords and keys. Optical sensors are the most common method of fingerprint identification, but have still some problems such as high cost, bulky and image distortion. Recently, the silicon chip-base sensors have been developed and proposed because they can be made very small and inexpensive. However, they are prone to electrostatic breakdown and likely to be damaged by the environment conditon. Photosensitive thin film transistors (TFTs) and diodes based contact type image sensors using the photoconductivity of a-Si:H layer have been investigated by some researchers for the application of facsimile, scanner and the like equipment. Thus, various structures have been proposed to increase the photoconductivity of the sensor TFT with relatively thin photoreceiving layer of a-Si:H. However their resolutions of TFT-array were relatively low and their structures were not suitable for the fingerprint recognition.

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) technologies are now well established for a variety of large-area applications such as solar cells, image sensor, flat panel displays etc. These devices result from the a-Si:H properties such as:capability of a low temperature processing, high photosensitivity, short response time, thermal stability and high production yield. In a last decade the processing of graphic image and communication technology have been developed in quantity and quality as well, the demand for image sensing devices grew up a shown in Fig. Large-area image sensor fabricated with a thin transistor (TFT) silicon technology on glass substrates can be used in a variety of applications. Among those recently reported are sensors for X-ray detection and contact image sensors for document reading. For X-ray detectors, a phosphor layer is placed over the array and it converts incoming X-ray quanta into visible photons, which are detected by the a-Si:H photodiode. For contact image sensors, the objectives are to replace a mechanically scanning linear array; with a 2D version and to eliminate the need for one-to-one imaging optics and so produce direct contact type sensors.

The SIW TFT-Device, architecture and form factors benefit designers and users of fingerprint security products, as well as companies that deploy fingerprint security as and authentication method.

The SIW TFT-Deviceoffers the perfect size for fingerprint security. The SIW TFT-Device touch area is approximately the size of the main part of a finger. This is substantially larger than silicon-based sensors that only capture a small portion of the fingerprint, which gives SIW TFT-Device an inherent accuracy benefit. And unlike optical sensors, with the glass camera, the entire sensor is less than 1/8" thick. This right-sized sensor provides a slim profile, making SIW TFT-Device easy to embed into other devices.

The SIW TFT-Device is self-illuminating and does not require and additional light thereby reducing the amount of power required to perform the imaging operation. The SIW TFT-Device supporting components include a proprietary electrical circuit that typically control electrical current to about 75 mA. In addition, SIW TFT-Devices include a low power stand by mode that can be powered-up on demand. This low power consumption makes SIW TFT-Device technology well suited for a variety of applications, from standalone access control units to computer monitor.

Substantial material cost advantages and long-term efficiencies are inherent in the SIW TFT-Device design. SIW TFT-Device uses fewer and lower cost components than optical devices. Siliconimageworks is also investing in new designs that further streamline the SIW TFT-Device assembles with more highly integrated components. Future products based on SIW TFT-Device will take advantage of these efficiencies.

Unlike optical sensors, SIW TFT-Device is not dependent on the oils in a individual's finger to create an image. Also, the SIW TFT-Device sensitivity is tunable with Automatic Gain control (AGG). This programmability means the fingerprint sensor can be tuned to different finger types (wet or dry). This allows SIW TFT-Device to read a much wider range of finger types, from very dry fingers to very wet fingers. In addition, this electro-optical system enables SIW TFT-Device to be resistant to fake fingers.

The SIW TFT-Device isolates the image sensor from the finger and from the environment, making it tolerant to contaminants, scratching, and electrostatic charges while improving durability and performance. In independent tests, SIW TFT-Device has been tested to withstand more than one million robotic finger touches without wearing out. Reliability tests have included high-stress test such as:

Temperature and humidity testing, 60C at 100% humidity for 2 weeks
UN and light exposure for 6 weeks
Chemical resistance to 12 common environmental compounds (everything from sweat to acetone to cola to bleach)
What has been demonstrated is that the combination of SIW TFT-Devicewith the glass camera provides a robust system that is well suited for a wide variety of fingerprint security applications and environments.

The SIW TFT-Device dominates competitive fingerprint security approaches in a variety of areas. First, SIW TFT-Device shows clear advantages over optical and silicon sensors in size, reliability and durability. It is also the only sensor technology with a replaceable surface. Silicon, an expensive technology, can be costly to replace, while optical assemblies are highly complicated and rely on many components.

Module Technology

1) Embedded Modules

A. DSP selection: TMS320C55x of Texas Instrument
B. ARM processor selection: S3C44B0X of Samsung Electronics
C. Memory: Flash memory, SDRAM and EEPROM
D. Communication ports: RS232 plus optional RS422/485 and Wigand
E. Fingerprint recognition sensor : Secugen Optical, UPEK, FPC, Atmel, Authentec and Korean and imported ODM sensors

1) Algorithm Compatibility

Compatible with 7 Korean makers and Inha Univ.
- Korean sensors: Compatible with Nitgen, SecuTRonix, Testech, Suprema, Union Community and Digent
- Imported sensors: UPEK, FPC, Atmel, Authentec, BMF

Fingerprint Identification Process

Fingerprint identification process consists of two essential procedures: enrollment and authentication. Taking the following steps completes each procedure:

As shown in the diagram above, fingerprint identification system compares the input fingerprint image and previously registered data to determine the genuineness of a fingerprint. All the steps described above affect the efficiency of the entire system, but the computational load of the following steps can be reduced to a great extent by acquiring a good-quality fingerprint image in the first step.

Step 1. Image Acquisition
Real-time image acquisition method is roughly classified into optical and non-optical. Optical method relies on the total reflection phenomenon on the surface of glass or reinforced plastic where the fingertip is in contact. The sensor normally consists of an optical lens and a CCD module or CMOS image sensor. In contrast, semiconductor sensors, as a typical example of non-optical sensors, exploit electrical characteristics of a fingertip such as capacitance. Ultrasonic wave, heat, and pressure are also utilized to obtain images with the non-optical fingerprint sensors. Non-optical sensors are said to be relatively more suitable for massive production and size reduction such as in the integration with mobile devices. Detailed comparison is found in Table 1.

Optical	Non-optical
Measuring Method light	pressure, heat, capacitance, ultrasonic wave
Strength highly-stable performance physical/electrical durability high-quality image	low cost with mass production compact size integrated with low-power application
Weakness relatively high cost limit to size-reduction relatively easy to fool with a finger trace or fake finger	physical/electrical weakness performance sensitive to the outer environment(temperature, dryness of a finger)
Application entrance, time, and attendance control banking service PC security	PC security e-commerce authentication mobile devices & smart cards

Step 2. Feature ExtractionThere are two main ways to compare an input fingerprint image and registered fingerprint data. One is to compare an image with another image directly. The other is to compare the so-called 'features' extracted from each fingerprint image. The latter is called feature-based/minutia-based matching. Every finger has a unique pattern formed by a flow of embossed lines called “ridges” and hollow regions between them called “valleys.” As seen in the Picture 2 below, ridges are represented as dark lines, while valleys are bright.

Step 3. MatchingThe matching step is classified into 1:1 and 1:N matching according to its purpose and/or the number of reference templates. 1:1 matching is also called personal identification or verification. It is a procedure in which a user claims his/her identity by means of an ID and proves it with a fingerprint. The comparison occurs only once between the input fingerprint image and the selected one from the database following the claim by the user.

On the contrary, 1:N matching denotes a procedure where the system determines the user's identity by comparing the input fingerprint with the information in the database without asking for the user's claim. A good example of this is AFIS(Automated Fingerprint Identification System) frequently used in criminal investigation.

The output result of the matching step is whether or not the input fingerprint is identical to the one being compared in the database. Then how could the accuracy of the matching procedure be represented in number? The simplest measures are FRR(False Reject Rate) and FAR(False Accept Rate). The former is the rate of genuine user's rejection and the latter is the rate of impostor's acceptance. Fingerprint ApplicationMarkets for fingerprint technology include entrance control and door-lock applications, fingerprint identification mouses, fingerprint mobile phones, and many others. The fingerprint markets are classified as follows: